Multiple-Choice Questions on Brachytherapy

RTT Drive

What defines brachytherapy in radiation oncology?
a) External beam radiation delivery
b) Placement of radioactive sources near or in the target tissue
c) Systemic radionuclide administration
d) Non-ionizing radiation use
Correct Answer: b) Placement of radioactive sources near or in the target tissue
Which isotope is most commonly used in high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy?
a) Iodine-125
b) Iridium-192
c) Cesium-137
d) Cobalt-60
Correct Answer: b) Iridium-192
What is the primary advantage of HDR over low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy?
a) Lower equipment costs
b) Shorter treatment times
c) Simpler dosimetry
d) Reduced shielding needs
Correct Answer: b) Shorter treatment times
Which applicator is commonly used for intracavitary cervical cancer brachytherapy?
a) Fletcher-Suit-Delclos
b) Miami applicator
c) Syed-Neblett template
d) Venezia applicator
Correct Answer: a) Fletcher-Suit-Delclos
What is the typical dose rate for LDR brachytherapy?
a) 0.4–2 Gy/hour
b) 2–12 Gy/hour
c) 12–50 Gy/hour
d) >50 Gy/hour
Correct Answer: a) 0.4–2 Gy/hour
Which cancer is least likely to be treated with brachytherapy?
a) Prostate cancer
b) Cervical cancer
c) Lung cancer
d) Breast cancer
Correct Answer: c) Lung cancer
What is a dwell position in HDR brachytherapy?
a) A shielding device
b) A temporary source position in the applicator
c) A dose measurement point
d) An afterloader calibration setting
Correct Answer: b) A temporary source position in the applicator
Which dosimetry formalism is standard in modern brachytherapy?
a) Manchester system
b) TG-43 formalism
c) Paris system
d) Quimby system
Correct Answer: b) TG-43 formalism
What is a key safety principle in handling brachytherapy sources?
a) Maximizing exposure time
b) Minimizing exposure time
c) Using unshielded applicators
d) Storing sources openly
Correct Answer: b) Minimizing exposure time
What is the goal of seed implantation in prostate brachytherapy?
a) Uniform pelvic irradiation
b) Targeted prostate dosing with organ sparing
c) Replacement of external beam radiation
d) Elimination of imaging guidance
Correct Answer: b) Targeted prostate dosing with organ sparing
Which imaging modality is most used in image-guided brachytherapy?
a) PET
b) CT
c) Fluoroscopy
d) X-ray radiography
Correct Answer: b) CT
What is the half-life of Iodine-125 in permanent prostate brachytherapy?
a) 8 days
b) 60 days
c) 103 days
d) 1600 years
Correct Answer: b) 60 days
Which organ is most at risk in cervical brachytherapy?
a) Liver
b) Rectum
c) Lung
d) Kidney
Correct Answer: b) Rectum
What is the role of an afterloader in HDR brachytherapy?
a) Manual seed insertion
b) Remote source placement control
c) Radiation exposure measurement
d) Applicator sterilization
Correct Answer: b) Remote source placement control
What is a common side effect of prostate brachytherapy?
a) Hair loss
b) Urinary retention
c) Nausea
d) Bone marrow suppression
Correct Answer: b) Urinary retention
What is the benefit of pulsed-dose-rate (PDR) brachytherapy?
a) No hospitalization required
b) Mimics LDR radiobiology with HDR equipment
c) Eliminates imaging needs
d) Allows higher fraction doses
Correct Answer: b) Mimics LDR radiobiology with HDR equipment
What does 'isodose' mean in brachytherapy?
a) Maximum dose point
b) Line of equal radiation dose
c) Isotope decay rate
d) Applicator spacing
Correct Answer: b) Line of equal radiation dose
Which brachytherapy type involves permanent source implantation?
a) HDR brachytherapy
b) PDR brachytherapy
c) LDR seed brachytherapy
d) Intracavitary brachytherapy
Correct Answer: c) LDR seed brachytherapy
What is the primary purpose of quality assurance (QA) in brachytherapy?
a) Increase treatment costs
b) Ensure accurate dose delivery and safety
c) Reduce treatment time
d) Eliminate shielding
Correct Answer: b) Ensure accurate dose delivery and safety
Which guideline is commonly followed for brachytherapy planning?
a) RTOG protocols
b) NCCN guidelines
c) GEC-ESTRO recommendations
d) ASTRO accreditation
Correct Answer: c) GEC-ESTRO recommendations
What is the typical energy range of Iridium-192 in HDR brachytherapy?
a) 10–50 keV
b) 100–500 keV
c) 1–5 MeV
d) 10–20 MeV
Correct Answer: b) 100–500 keV
Which applicator is used for endometrial cancer brachytherapy?
a) Ring and tandem
b) Cylinder
c) Miami applicator
d) Syed-Neblett template
Correct Answer: b) Cylinder
What is the typical dose rate for HDR brachytherapy?
a) 0.4–2 Gy/hour
b) >12 Gy/hour
c) 2–12 Gy/hour
d) <0.4 Gy/hour
**Correct Answer**: b) >12 Gy/hour
Which isotope is used in LDR brachytherapy for ocular melanoma?
a) Palladium-103
b) Cesium-131
c) Iodine-125
d) Iridium-192
Correct Answer: c) Iodine-125
What is the purpose of a source transfer tube in HDR brachytherapy?
a) To measure dose
b) To connect the afterloader to the applicator
c) To shield the source
d) To calibrate the isotope
Correct Answer: b) To connect the afterloader to the applicator
Which structure is spared in prostate brachytherapy planning?
a) Femoral head
b) Urethra
c) Pancreas
d) Spinal cord
Correct Answer: b) Urethra
What is the primary advantage of MRI-guided brachytherapy?
a) Lower cost
b) Improved soft tissue visualization
c) Faster imaging
d) Reduced radiation exposure
Correct Answer: b) Improved soft tissue visualization
Which parameter is critical in TG-43 dosimetry?
a) Source strength
b) Patient weight
c) Room temperature
d) Applicator color
Correct Answer: a) Source strength
What is a common complication of cervical brachytherapy?
a) Pneumonitis
b) Vaginal stenosis
c) Osteoporosis
d) Alopecia
Correct Answer: b) Vaginal stenosis
Which brachytherapy technique uses temporary implants?
a) Permanent seed implantation
b) Intracavitary HDR
c) Prostate LDR
d) Ocular plaque
Correct Answer: b) Intracavitary HDR
What is the half-life of Cesium-131 in LDR brachytherapy?
a) 9.7 days
b) 60 days
c) 17 days
d) 103 days
Correct Answer: a) 9.7 days
Which organ is at risk in breast brachytherapy?
a) Skin
b) Kidney
c) Brain
d) Esophagus
Correct Answer: a) Skin
What is the purpose of a dummy source in brachytherapy?
a) Deliver therapeutic radiation
b) Verify applicator positioning
c) Calibrate the afterloader
d) Shield the patient
Correct Answer: b) Verify applicator positioning
Which system is used for interstitial brachytherapy planning?
a) Paris system
b) Manchester system
c) TG-43 formalism
d) Quimby system
Correct Answer: a) Paris system
What is the typical prescription dose for prostate LDR brachytherapy?
a) 20 Gy
b) 145 Gy
c) 70 Gy
d) 200 Gy
Correct Answer: b) 145 Gy
Which imaging is used for applicator reconstruction in brachytherapy?
a) Ultrasound
b) MRI
c) PET
d) SPECT
Correct Answer: b) MRI
What is the role of the inverse square law in brachytherapy?
a) Determines source half-life
b) Governs dose fall-off with distance
c) Calculates applicator size
d) Measures isotope purity
Correct Answer: b) Governs dose fall-off with distance
Which applicator is used for vaginal cuff brachytherapy?
a) Cylinder
b) Ring and tandem
c) Fletcher-Suit
d) Syed-Neblett
Correct Answer: a) Cylinder
What is a key component of brachytherapy QA?
a) Source calibration
b) Patient counseling
c) Room decoration
d) Applicator color coding
Correct Answer: a) Source calibration
Which guideline addresses cervical brachytherapy dose constraints?
a) GEC-ESTRO
b) RTOG
c) NCCN
d) ASTRO
Correct Answer: a) GEC-ESTRO
What is the typical energy of Palladium-103 in LDR brachytherapy?
a) 20–30 keV
b) 100–200 keV
c) 1–2 MeV
d) 5–10 MeV
Correct Answer: a) 20–30 keV
Which brachytherapy type is used for skin cancer?
a) Intracavitary
b) Surface mold
c) Interstitial
d) Intravascular
Correct Answer: b) Surface mold
What is the dwell time in HDR brachytherapy?
a) Time for applicator insertion
b) Duration the source remains in a dwell position
c) Time for imaging
d) Isotope decay period
Correct Answer: b) Duration the source remains in a dwell position
Which isotope is used in temporary LDR brachytherapy?
a) Cesium-137
b) Iodine-125
c) Palladium-103
d) Iridium-192
Correct Answer: a) Cesium-137
What is the purpose of a treatment planning system (TPS) in brachytherapy?
a) To sterilize applicators
b) To calculate dose distributions
c) To insert applicators
d) To store isotopes
Correct Answer: b) To calculate dose distributions
Which structure is critical in cervical brachytherapy planning?
a) Bladder
b) Heart
c) Thyroid
d) Spleen
Correct Answer: a) Bladder
What is the benefit of real-time ultrasound in prostate brachytherapy?
a) Reduces treatment cost
b) Improves seed placement accuracy
c) Eliminates radiation
d) Shortens isotope half-life
Correct Answer: b) Improves seed placement accuracy
Which parameter is used to evaluate brachytherapy plan quality?
a) V100
b) Patient age
c) Room humidity
d) Applicator weight
Correct Answer: a) V100
What is a late toxicity of prostate brachytherapy?
a) Acute diarrhea
b) Erectile dysfunction dilution
c) Skin rash
d) Fever
Correct Answer: b) Erectile dysfunction
Which brachytherapy technique is used for accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI)?
a) Intracavitary
b) Interstitial
c) Surface mold
d) Intravascular
Correct Answer: b) Interstitial
What is the half-life of Iridium-192?
a) 74 days
b) 60 days
c) 17 days
d) 9.7 days
Correct Answer: a) 74 days
Which organ is at risk in vaginal brachytherapy?
a) Rectum
b) Liver
c) Lung
d) Pancreas
Correct Answer: a) Rectum
What is the purpose of a check source in brachytherapy?
a) Deliver therapeutic dose
b) Verify radiation detector function
c) Sterilize equipment
d) Calibrate applicators
Correct Answer: b) Verify radiation detector function
Which system guides needle placement in interstitial brachytherapy?
a) Paris system
b) Manchester system
c) TG-43 formalism
d) Quimby system
Correct Answer: a) Paris system
What is the typical dose for HDR cervical brachytherapy per fraction?
a) 1–2 Gy
b) 5–7 Gy
c) 10–12 Gy
d) 15–20 Gy
Correct Answer: b) 5–7 Gy
Which imaging modality improves target delineation in cervical brachytherapy?
a) MRI
b) PET
c) Ultrasound
d) Fluoroscopy
Correct Answer: a) MRI
What is the role of the radial dose function in TG-43?
a) Measures isotope purity
b) Describes dose variation with distance
c) Calculates applicator size
d) Determines dwell time
Correct Answer: b) Describes dose variation with distance
Which applicator is used for interstitial breast brachytherapy?
a) Multicatheter
b) Cylinder
c) Ring and tandem
d) Fletcher-Suit
Correct Answer: a) Multicatheter
What is a key regulatory requirement for brachytherapy?
a) Source storage in unshielded containers
b) Compliance with NRC guidelines
c) No staff training
d) Open source handling
Correct Answer: b) Compliance with NRC guidelines
Which guideline addresses prostate brachytherapy dosimetry?
a) GEC-ESTRO
b) AAPM TG-43
c) RTOG
d) NCCN
Correct Answer: b) AAPM TG-43
What is the typical energy of Cesium-131 in LDR brachytherapy?
a) 20–30 keV
b) 100–200 keV
c) 1–2 MeV
d) 5–10 MeV
Correct Answer: a) 20–30 keV
Which brachytherapy type is used for bile duct cancer?
a) Intracavitary
b) Intraluminal
c) Interstitial
d) Surface mold
Correct Answer: b) Intraluminal
What is the purpose of optimization in HDR brachytherapy?
a) Reduce isotope cost
b) Adjust dwell times for uniform dose
c) Eliminate imaging
d) Shorten half-life
Correct Answer: b) Adjust dwell times for uniform dose
Which isotope is used in plaque brachytherapy for ocular melanoma?
a) Iridium-192
b) Iodine-125
c) Cesium-137
d) Palladium-103
Correct Answer: b) Iodine-125
What is the purpose of a survey meter in brachytherapy?
a) Measure patient dose
b) Detect radiation leaks
c) Calibrate applicators
d) Sterilize sources
Correct Answer: b) Detect radiation leaks
Which structure is spared in breast brachytherapy?
a) Heart
b) Thyroid
c) Spleen
d) Kidney
Correct Answer: a) Heart
What is the benefit of CT-based planning in brachytherapy?
a) Reduces treatment time
b) Improves applicator visualization
c) Eliminates radiation
d) Lowers isotope energy
Correct Answer: b) Improves applicator visualization
Which parameter evaluates dose to organs at risk (OAR) in brachytherapy?
a) D2cc
b) V100
c) Patient weight
d) Room temperature
Correct Answer: a) D2cc
What is a late toxicity of cervical brachytherapy?
a) Acute nausea
b) Rectal bleeding
c) Skin rash
d) Fever
Correct Answer: b) Rectal bleeding
Which brachytherapy technique is used for head and neck cancers?
a) Intracavitary
b) Interstitial
c) Surface mold
d) Intravascular
Correct Answer: b) Interstitial
What is the half-life of Palladium-103?
a) 17 days
b) 60 days
c) 74 days
d) 9.7 days
Correct Answer: a) 17 days
Which organ is at risk in prostate brachytherapy?
a) Bladder
b) Liver
c) Lung
d) Pancreas
Correct Answer: a) Bladder
What is the purpose of a well chamber in brachytherapy?
a) Sterilize applicators
b) Measure source strength
c) Insert applicators
d) Store isotopes
Correct Answer: b) Measure source strength
Which system is used for ocular brachytherapy planning?
a) Paris system
b) COMS protocol
c) TG-43 formalism
d) Quimby system
Correct Answer: b) COMS protocol
What is the typical dose for LDR prostate brachytherapy boost?
a) 20 Gy
b) 100–110 Gy
c) 70 Gy
d) 200 Gy
Correct Answer: b) 100–110 Gy
Which imaging modality is used for real-time prostate brachytherapy?
a) Ultrasound
b) MRI
c) PET
d) Fluoroscopy
Correct Answer: a) Ultrasound
What is the role of the anisotropy function in TG-43?
a) Measures isotope decay
b) Accounts for non-uniform dose distribution
c) Calculates applicator size
d) Determines dwell time
Correct Answer: b) Accounts for non-uniform dose distribution
Which applicator is used for surface mold brachytherapy?
a) Custom mold
b) Cylinder
c) Ring and tandem
d) Fletcher-Suit
Correct Answer: a) Custom mold
What is a key safety feature of an HDR afterloader?
a) Manual source insertion
b) Emergency source retraction
c) Unshielded operation
d) Open storage
Correct Answer: b) Emergency source retraction
Which guideline addresses breast brachytherapy?
a) GEC-ESTRO
b) ABS recommendations
c) RTOG
d) NCCN
Correct Answer: b) ABS recommendations
What is the typical energy of Iodine-125 in LDR brachytherapy?
a) 20–30 keV
b) 100–200 keV
c) 1–2 MeV
d) 5–10 MeV
Correct Answer: a) 20–30 keV
Which brachytherapy type is used for esophageal cancer?
a) Intracavitary
b) Intraluminal
c) Interstitial
d) Surface mold
Correct Answer: b) Intraluminal
What is the purpose of a dose-volume histogram (DVH) in brachytherapy?
a) Measure isotope purity
b) Evaluate dose to target and OAR
c) Calculate applicator size
d) Determine dwell time
Correct Answer: b) Evaluate dose to target and OAR
Which isotope is used in HDR intracavitary brachytherapy?
a) Iodine-125
b) Iridium-192
c) Palladium-103
d) Cesium-131
Correct Answer: b) Iridium-192
What is the purpose of a radiation safety officer in brachytherapy?
a) Insert applicators
b) Ensure regulatory compliance
c) Calibrate applicators
d) Sterilize sources
Correct Answer: b) Ensure regulatory compliance
Which structure is spared in vaginal brachytherapy?
a) Sigmoid colon
b) Thyroid
c) Spleen
d) Kidney
Correct Answer: a) Sigmoid colon
What is the benefit of 3D planning in brachytherapy?
a) Reduces treatment cost
b) Improves dose conformality
c) Eliminates radiation
d) Shortens isotope half-life
Correct Answer: b) Improves dose conformality
Which parameter evaluates target coverage in brachytherapy?
a) D90
b) Patient age
c) Room humidity
d) Applicator weight
Correct Answer: a) D90
What is a late toxicity of breast brachytherapy?
a) Acute diarrhea
b) Fat necrosis
c) Skin rash
d) Fever
Correct Answer: b) Fat necrosis
Which brachytherapy technique is used for soft tissue sarcoma?
a) Intracavitary
b) Interstitial
c) Surface mold
d) Intravascular
Correct Answer: b) Interstitial
What is the half-life of Cesium-137?
a) 30 years
b) 60 days
c) 74 days
d) 9.7 days
Correct Answer: a) 30 years
Which organ is at risk in ocular brachytherapy?
a) Optic nerve
b) Liver
c) Lung
d) Pancreas
Correct Answer: a) Optic nerve
What is the purpose of a leak test in brachytherapy?
a) Measure patient dose
b) Detect source contamination
c) Calibrate applicators
d) Sterilize sources
Correct Answer: b) Detect source contamination
Which system is used for vaginal brachytherapy planning?
a) Paris system
b) ABS recommendations
c) TG-43 formalism
d) Quimby system
Correct Answer: b) ABS recommendations
What is the typical dose for HDR breast brachytherapy per fraction?
a) 1–2 Gy
b) 3.4–4 Gy
c) 10–12 Gy
d) 15–20 Gy
Correct Answer: b) 3.4–4 Gy
Which imaging modality is used for post-implant prostate dosimetry?
a) CT
b) PET
c) Ultrasound
d) Fluoroscopy
Correct Answer: a) CT
What is the role of the geometry function in TG-43?
a) Measures isotope decay
b) Accounts for source-applicator geometry
c) Calculates applicator size
d) Determines dwell time
Correct Answer: b) Accounts for source-applicator geometry
Which applicator is used for intracavitary endometrial brachytherapy?
a) Cylinder
b) Ring and tandem
c) Fletcher-Suit
d) Syed-Neblett
Correct Answer: a) Cylinder
What is a key feature of a brachytherapy suite?
a) Unshielded walls
b) Lead-lined walls
c) Open storage
d) No emergency systems
Correct Answer: b) Lead-lined walls
Which guideline addresses ocular brachytherapy?
a) GEC-ESTRO
b) COMS protocol
c) RTOG
d) NCCN
Correct Answer: b) COMS protocol
What is the typical energy of Cesium-137 in LDR brachytherapy?
a) 600–700 keV
b) 20–30 keV
c) 1–2 MeV
d) 5–10 MeV
Correct Answer: a) 600–700 keV
Which brachytherapy type is used for coronary artery restenosis?
a) Intracavitary
b) Intravascular
c) Interstitial
d) Surface mold
Correct Answer: b) Intravascular
What is the purpose of a nomogram in prostate brachytherapy?
a) Measure isotope purity
b) Guide seed placement
c) Calculate applicator size
d) Determine dwell time
Correct Answer: b) Guide seed placement
Which isotope is used in PDR brachytherapy?
a) Iodine-125
b) Iridium-192
c) Palladium-103
d) Cesium-131
Correct Answer: b) Iridium-192
What is the purpose of a wipe test in brachytherapy?
a) Measure patient dose
b) Detect surface contamination
c) Calibrate applicators
d) Sterilize sources
Correct Answer: b) Detect surface contamination
Which structure is spared in ocular brachytherapy?
a) Lens
b) Thyroid
c) Spleen
d) Kidney
Correct Answer: a) Lens
What is the benefit of inverse planning in brachytherapy?
a) Reduces treatment cost
b) Optimizes dose distribution
Correct Answer: b) Optimizes dose distribution
Which parameter evaluates dose homogeneity in brachytherapy?
a) DHI
b) Patient age
c) Room humidity
d) Applicator weight
Correct Answer: a) DHI
What is a late toxicity of vaginal brachytherapy?
a) Acute diarrhea
b) Vaginal fibrosis
c) Skin rash
d) Fever
Correct Answer: b) Vaginal fibrosis
Which brachytherapy technique is used for penile cancer?
a) Intracavitary
b) Interstitial
c) Surface mold
d) Intravascular
Correct Answer: b) Interstitial
What is the half-life of Cobalt-60?
a) 5.3 years
b) 60 days
c) 74 days
d) 9.7 days
Correct Answer: a) 5.3 years
Which organ is at risk in esophageal brachytherapy?
a) Heart
b) Liver
c) Lung
d) Pancreas
Correct Answer: a) Heart
What is the purpose of a diode detector in brachytherapy?
a) Measure patient dose
b) Monitor radiation output
c) Calibrate applicators
d) Sterilize sources
Correct Answer: b) Monitor radiation output
Which system is used for intracavitary brachytherapy planning?
a) Paris system
b) ABS recommendations
c) TG-43 formalism
d) Quimby system
Correct Answer: b) ABS recommendations
What is the typical dose for HDR prostate brachytherapy per fraction?
a) 1–2 Gy
b) 9–10 Gy
c) 15–20 Gy
d) 25–30 Gy
Correct Answer: b) 9–10 Gy
Which imaging modality is used for applicator verification in brachytherapy?
a) Fluoroscopy
b) MRI
c) PET
d) Ultrasound
Correct Answer: b) MRI
What is the role of the scatter dose in TG-43?
a) Measures isotope decay
b) Accounts for tissue scatter
c) Calculates applicator size
d) Determines dwell time
Correct Answer: b) Accounts for tissue scatter
Which applicator is used for bile duct brachytherapy?
a) Catheter
b) Cylinder
c) Ring and tandem
d) Fletcher-Suit
Correct Answer: a) Catheter
What is a key emergency procedure in HDR brachytherapy?
a) Manual source insertion
b) Source retrieval protocol
c) Unshielded operation
d) Open storage
Correct Answer: b) Source retrieval protocol
Which guideline addresses vaginal cuff brachytherapy?
a) GEC-ESTRO
b) ABS recommendations
c) RTOG
d) NCCN
Correct Answer: b) ABS recommendations
What is the typical energy of Cobalt-60 in brachytherapy?
a) 1–1.3 MeV
b) 20–30 keV
c) 100–200 keV
d) 5–10 MeV
Correct Answer: a) 1–1.3 MeV
Which brachytherapy type is used for bronchial cancer?
a) Intracavitary
b) Intraluminal
c) Interstitial
d) Surface mold
Correct Answer: b) Intraluminal
What is the purpose of a dose point in brachytherapy?
a) Measure isotope purity
b) Specify dose calculation location
c) Calculate applicator size
d) Determine dwell time
Correct Answer: b) Specify dose calculation location
Which isotope is used in surface mold brachytherapy?
a) Iodine-125
b) Iridium-192
c) Palladium-103
d) Cesium-131
Correct Answer: b) Iridium-192
What is the purpose of an area monitor in brachytherapy?
a) Measure patient dose
b) Detect radiation in the room
c) Calibrate applicators
d) Sterilize sources
Correct Answer: b) Detect radiation in the room
Which structure is spared in esophageal brachytherapy?
a) Trachea
b) Thyroid
c) Spleen
d) Kidney
Correct Answer: a) Trachea
What is the benefit of hybrid brachytherapy planning?
a) Reduces treatment cost
b) Combines CT and MRI
c) Eliminates radiation
d) Shortens isotope half-life
Correct Answer: b) Combines CT and MRI
Which parameter evaluates dose to the target in brachytherapy?
a) D100
b) Patient age
c) Room humidity
d) Applicator weight
Correct Answer: a) D100
What is a late toxicity of ocular brachytherapy?
a) Acute diarrhea
b) Vision loss
c) Skin rash
d) Fever
Correct Answer: b) Vision loss
Which brachytherapy technique is used for vulvar cancer?
a) Intracavitary
b) Interstitial
c) Surface mold
d) Intravascular
Correct Answer: b) Interstitial
What is the half-life of Strontium-90?
a) 29 years
b) 60 days
c) 74 days
d) 9.7 days
Correct Answer: a) 29 years
Which organ is at risk in penile brachytherapy?
a) Urethra
b) Liver
c) Lung
d) Pancreas
Correct Answer: a) Urethra
What is the purpose of a constancy check in brachytherapy?
a) Measure patient dose
b) Verify source stability
c) Calibrate applicators
d) Sterilize sources
Correct Answer: b) Verify source stability
Which system is used for surface mold brachytherapy planning?
a) Paris system
b) ABS recommendations
c) TG-43 formalism
d) Quimby system
Correct Answer: b) ABS recommendations
What is the typical dose for HDR vaginal brachytherapy per fraction?
a) 1–2 Gy
b) 5–7 Gy
c) 10–12 Gy
d) 15–20 Gy
Correct Answer: b) 5–7 Gy
Which imaging modality is used for ocular brachytherapy planning?
a) Ultrasound
b) MRI
c) PET
d) Fluoroscopy
Correct Answer: a) Ultrasound
What is the role of the air kerma strength in TG-43?
a) Measures isotope decay
b) Quantifies source output
c) Calculates applicator size
d) Determines dwell time
Correct Answer: b) Quantifies source output
Which applicator is used for penile brachytherapy?
a) Needle
b) Cylinder
c) Ring and tandem
d) Fletcher-Suit
Correct Answer: a) Needle
What is a key shielding requirement in brachytherapy?
a) Unshielded walls
b) Lead-lined storage
c) Open storage
d) No emergency systems
Correct Answer: b) Lead-lined storage
Which guideline addresses penile brachytherapy?
a) GEC-ESTRO
b) ABS recommendations
c) RTOG
d) NCCN
Correct Answer: b) ABS recommendations
What is the typical energy of Strontium-90 in brachytherapy?
a) 0.5–2 MeV
b) 20–30 keV
c) 100–200 keV
d) 5–10 MeV
Correct Answer: a) 0.5–2 MeV
Which brachytherapy type is used for pancreatic cancer?
a) Intracavitary
b) Intraluminal
c) Interstitial
d) Surface mold
Correct Answer: c) Interstitial
What is the purpose of a dose gradient in brachytherapy?
a) Measure isotope purity
b) Evaluate dose fall-off
c) Calculate applicator size
d) Determine dwell time
Correct Answer: b) Evaluate dose fall-off
Which isotope is used in ocular brachytherapy?
a) Iodine-125
b) Iridium-192
c) Palladium-103
d) Cesium-131
Correct Answer: a) Iodine-125
What is the purpose of a personnel dosimeter in brachytherapy?
a) Measure patient dose
b) Monitor staff exposure
c) Calibrate applicators
d) Sterilize sources
Correct Answer: b) Monitor staff exposure
Which structure is spared in penile brachytherapy?
a) Glans
b) Thyroid
c) Spleen
d) Kidney
Correct Answer: a) Glans
What is the benefit of adaptive planning in brachytherapy?
a) Reduces treatment cost
b) Adjusts for anatomical changes
c) Eliminates radiation
d) Shortens isotope half-life
Correct Answer: b) Adjusts for anatomical changes
Which parameter evaluates dose conformity in brachytherapy?
a) CI
b) Patient age
c) Room humidity
d) Applicator weight
Correct Answer: a) CI
What is a late toxicity of penile brachytherapy?
a) Acute diarrhea
b) Urethral stricture
c) Skin rash
d) Fever
Correct Answer: b) Urethral stricture
Which brachytherapy technique is used for anal cancer?
a) Intracavitary
b) Interstitial
c) Surface mold
d) Intravascular
Correct Answer: b) Interstitial
What is the half-life of Radium-226?
a) 1600 years
b) 60 days
c) 74 days
d) 9.7 days
Correct Answer: a) 1600 years
Which organ is at risk in anal brachytherapy?
a) Rectum
b) Liver
c) Lung
d) Pancreas
Correct Answer: a) Rectum
What is the purpose of a linearity test in brachytherapy?
a) Measure patient dose
b) Verify detector response
c) Calibrate applicators
d) Sterilize sources
Correct Answer: b) Verify detector response
Which system is used for anal brachytherapy planning?
a) Paris system
b) ABS recommendations
c) TG-43 formalism
d) Quimby system
Correct Answer: b) ABS recommendations
What is the typical dose for HDR anal brachytherapy per fraction?
a) 1–2 Gy
b) 5–7 Gy
c) 10–12 Gy
d) 15–20 Gy
Correct Answer: b) 5–7 Gy
Which imaging modality is used for anal brachytherapy planning?
a) MRI
b) PET
c) Ultrasound
d) Fluoroscopy
Correct Answer: a) MRI
What is the role of the dose rate constant in TG-43?
a) Measures isotope decay
b) Normalizes dose to source strength
c) Calculates applicator size
d) Determines dwell time
Correct Answer: b) Normalizes dose to source strength
Which applicator is used for anal brachytherapy?
a) Needle
b) Cylinder
c) Ring and tandem
d) Fletcher-Suit
Correct Answer: a) Needle
What is a key inventory requirement in brachytherapy?
a) Unshielded storage
b) Source tracking
c) Open storage
d) No emergency systems
Correct Answer: b) Source tracking
Which guideline addresses anal brachytherapy?
a) GEC-ESTRO
b) ABS recommendations
c) RTOG
d) NCCN
Correct Answer: b) ABS recommendations
What is the typical energy of Radium-226 in brachytherapy?
a) 0.5–2 MeV enquiring
b) 20–30 keV
c) 100–200 keV
d) 5–10 MeV
Correct Answer: a) 0.5–2 MeV
Which brachytherapy type is used for gallbladder cancer?
a) Intracavitary
b) Intraluminal
c) Interstitial
d) Surface mold
Correct Answer: b) Intraluminal
What is the purpose of a dose profile in brachytherapy?
a) Measure isotope purity
b) Evaluate dose distribution
c) Calculate applicator size
d) Determine dwell time
Correct Answer: b) Evaluate dose distribution
Which isotope is used in anal brachytherapy?
a) Iodine-125
b) Iridium-192
c) Palladium-103
d) Cesium-131
Correct Answer: b) Iridium-192
What is the purpose of a door interlock in brachytherapy?
a) Measure patient dose
b) Prevent unauthorized access
c) Calibrate applicators
d) Sterilize sources
Correct Answer: b) Prevent unauthorized access
Which structure is spared in anal brachytherapy?
a) Sphincter
b) Thyroid
c) Spleen
d) Kidney
Correct Answer: a) Sphincter
What is the benefit of volumetric planning in brachytherapy?
a) Reduces treatment cost
b) Improves target coverage
c) Eliminates radiation
d) Shortens isotope half-life
Correct Answer: b) Improves target coverage
Which parameter evaluates dose to OAR in brachytherapy?
a) D0.1cc
b) Patient age
c) Room humidity
d) Applicator weight
Correct Answer: a) D0.1cc
What is a late toxicity of anal brachytherapy?
a) Acute diarrhea
b) Anal stenosis
c) Skin rash
d) Fever
Correct Answer: b) Anal stenosis
Which brachytherapy technique is used for urethral cancer?
a) Intracavitary
b) Interstitial
c) Surface mold
d) Intravascular
Correct Answer: b) Interstitial
What is the half-life of Ruthenium-106?
a) 1 year
b) 60 days
c) 74 days
d) 9.7 days
Correct Answer: a) 1 year
Which organ is at risk in urethral brachytherapy?
a) Bladder
b) Liver
c) Lung
d) Pancreas
Correct Answer: a) Bladder
What is the purpose of a reproducibility test in brachytherapy?
a) Measure patient dose
b) Verify measurement consistency
c) Calibrate applicators
d) Sterilize sources
Correct Answer: b) Verify measurement consistency
Which system is used for urethral brachytherapy planning?
a) Paris system
b) ABS recommendations
c) TG-43 formalism
d) Quimby system
Correct Answer: b) ABS recommendations
What is the typical dose for HDR urethral brachytherapy per fraction?
a) 1–2 Gy
b) 5–7 Gy
c) 10–12 Gy
d) 15–20 Gy
Correct Answer: b) 5–7 Gy
Which imaging modality is used for urethral brachytherapy planning?
a) MRI
b) PET
c) Ultrasound
d) Fluoroscopy
Correct Answer: a) MRI
What is the role of the source strength in TG-43?
a) Measures isotope decay
b) Quantifies radiation output
c) Calculates applicator size
d) Determines dwell time
Correct Answer: b) Quantifies radiation output
Which applicator is used for urethral brachytherapy?
a) Catheter
b) Cylinder
c) Ring and tandem
d) Fletcher-Suit
Correct Answer: a) Catheter
What is a key training requirement in brachytherapy?
a) Unshielded handling
b) Radiation safety training
c) Open storage
d) No emergency systems
Correct Answer: b) Radiation safety training
Which guideline addresses urethral brachytherapy?
a) GEC-ESTRO
b) ABS recommendations
c) RTOG
d) NCCN
Correct Answer: b) ABS recommendations
What is the typical energy of Ruthenium-106 in brachytherapy?
a) 0.5–3 MeV
b) 20–30 keV
c) 100–200 keV
d) 5–10 MeV
Correct Answer: a) 0.5–3 MeV
Which brachytherapy type is used for tracheal cancer?
a) Intracavitary
b) Intraluminal
c) Interstitial
d) Surface mold
Correct Answer: b) Intraluminal
What is the purpose of a dose constraint in brachytherapy?
a) Measure isotope purity
b) Limit dose to OAR
c) Calculate applicator size
d) Determine dwell time
Correct Answer: b) Limit dose to OAR
Which isotope is used in tracheal brachytherapy?
a) Iodine-125
b) Iridium-192
c) Palladium-103
d) Cesium-131
Correct Answer: b) Iridium-192
What is the purpose of a warning light in brachytherapy?
a) Measure patient dose
b) Indicate active radiation
c) Calibrate applicators
d) Sterilize sources
Correct Answer: b) Indicate active radiation
Which structure is spared in tracheal brachytherapy?
a) Esophagus
b) Thyroid
c) Spleen
d) Kidney
Correct Answer: a) Esophagus
What is the benefit of Monte Carlo simulation in brachytherapy?
a) Reduces treatment cost
b) Improves dose accuracy
c) Eliminates radiation
d) Shortens isotope half-life
Correct Answer: b) Improves dose accuracy
Which parameter evaluates plan robustness in brachytherapy?
a) RPI
b) Patient age
c) Room humidity
d) Applicator weight
Correct Answer: a) RPI
What is a late toxicity of tracheal brachytherapy?
a) Acute diarrhea
b) Tracheal stenosis
c) Skin rash
d) Fever
Correct Answer: b) Tracheal stenosis
Which brachytherapy technique is used for nasal cavity cancer?
a) Intracavitary
b) Interstitial
c) Surface mold
d) Intravascular
Correct Answer: b) Interstitial
What is the half-life of Gold-198?
a) 2.7 days
b) 60 days
c) 74 days
d) 9.7 days
Correct Answer: a) 2.7 days
Which organ is at risk in nasal cavity brachytherapy?
a) Brain
b) Liver
c) Lung
d) Pancreas
Correct Answer: a) Brain
What is the purpose of a calibration check in brachytherapy?
a) Measure patient dose
b) Verify equipment accuracy
c) Calibrate applicators
d) Sterilize sources
Correct Answer: b) Verify equipment accuracy
Which system is used for nasal cavity brachytherapy planning?
a) Paris system
b) ABS recommendations
c) TG-43 formalism
d) Quimby system
Correct Answer: b) ABS recommendations
What is the typical dose for HDR nasal cavity brachytherapy per fraction?
a) 1–2 Gy
b) 5–7 Gy
c) 10–12 Gy
d) 15–20 Gy
Correct Answer: b) 5–7 Gy
Which imaging modality is used for nasal cavity brachytherapy planning?
a) MRI
b) PET
c) Ultrasound
d) Fluoroscopy
Correct Answer: a) MRI
What is the role of the dose normalization in TG-43?
a) Measures isotope decay
b) Standardizes dose calculation
c) Calculates applicator size
d) Determines dwell time
Correct Answer: b) Standardizes dose calculation
Which applicator is used for nasal cavity brachytherapy?
a) Needle
b) Cylinder
c) Ring and tandem
d) Fletcher-Suit
Correct Answer: a) Needle
What is a key documentation requirement in brachytherapy?
a) Unshielded storage
b) Treatment record keeping
c) Open storage
d) No emergency systems
Correct Answer: b) Treatment record keeping
Which guideline addresses nasal cavity brachytherapy?
a) GEC-ESTRO
b) ABS recommendations
c) RTOG
d) NCCN
Correct Answer: b) ABS recommendations

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